What Is Privileged Identity Management?
Privileged identity management (PIM) encompasses the policies and technologies for controlling, monitoring, and auditing access for accounts with elevated permissions. These include administrators, service accounts, operators, and machine identities capable of making significant changes to systems and data. Such identities often have access to critical infrastructure, cloud resources, and sensitive information, making them primary targets for attackers and a focal point for regulatory scrutiny.
Effective PIM frameworks augment traditional identity governance by detailing how elevation is requested, approved, documented, and revoked. Managing these identities is crucial for reducing an organization's attack surface, enforcing the principle of least privilege, and maintaining compliance. Without stringent controls, a single compromised privileged account can enable data breaches, ransomware attacks, or severe operational disruptions. A mature PIM strategy establishes just-in-time (JIT) access, rigorous approval workflows, session oversight, and automated revocation to ensure permissions are granted only when necessary and for the shortest possible duration.
PIM is distinct from general identity and access management (IAM) by focusing specifically on high-risk accounts and the context of their actions. While IAM manages provisioning, authentication, and access for the broader workforce, PIM introduces specialized control layers tailored to privileged operations. These include credential vaulting, command-level oversight, step-up authentication, and continuous monitoring of privileged sessions.
Key Features of Privileged Identity Management
A capable PIM solution empowers organizations to govern elevated access across all critical systems with precision and accountability.
Role-Based Access Control (RBAC)
RBAC assigns permissions to defined roles rather than to individual users. This practice simplifies administration and minimizes the risk of over-privileged accounts accumulating unnecessary access over time.
Just-in-Time (JIT) Access
JIT access provides temporary, time-limited privileges only when a specific task requires them. By granting permissions "just-in-time," this feature significantly reduces the window of opportunity for attackers to exploit standing privileges.
Auditing and Reporting
Comprehensive logging and reporting capabilities offer deep visibility into all privileged activity. Detailed, exportable audit trails are essential for compliance mandates and support forensic investigations following a security incident.
How Privileged Identity Management Works
PIM ensures that elevated access is granted only when necessary, tracked comprehensively, and revoked promptly. The lifecycle of a privileged role begins with defining its scope and entitlements, followed by a risk-based approval and provisioning process.
Operations and Lifecycle
Activation and deactivation are central to PIM operations. When a user requests elevated access, the PIM system evaluates the request against established policy, user context, and threat signals. Upon approval, it issues short-lived credentials, often with session recording and command-level controls enabled. Deactivation occurs automatically when the session times out or the task is completed, with immediate credential revocation.
Integrations
For scalability and resilience, PIM solutions must integrate with the broader security ecosystem. Key integrations include directories and identity providers (IdPs), SIEM/SOAR platforms for unified telemetry and response, and EDR/XDR solutions for endpoint context. Connections to cloud platforms are also critical for enforcing consistent policy across hybrid and multi-cloud environments, enhancing zero trust architectures and streamlining audits.
Advantages of Privileged Identity Management
Implementing a PIM solution strengthens security posture by centralizing control over elevated access and providing continuous oversight. Key advantages include:
Reduced attack surface: Time-bound credentials and the principle of least privilege decrease the likelihood and potential impact of a breach resulting from compromised credentials.
Enhanced threat detection: Integrated analytics and continuous session monitoring help identify anomalous behavior and enable swift intervention before significant damage occurs.
Streamlined governance: PIM simplifies access management across hybrid and multi-cloud environments by standardizing policies and automating lifecycle management, reducing both risk and operational costs.
Challenges and Solutions
Best Practices for Effective PIM
Top 5 Privileged Identity Management Platforms
1. CyberArk Privileged Access Management
CyberArk provides a comprehensive solution focused on securing privileged credentials and isolating sensitive sessions. It offers robust credential vaulting, session recording, and threat analytics capabilities designed for large, complex enterprise environments. The platform excels at enforcing least privilege across on-premises, cloud, and DevOps pipelines.
2. BeyondTrust Privileged Access Management
BeyondTrust offers a unified platform that manages privileges for users, endpoints, and assets. It combines privileged password management with endpoint privilege management and secure remote access, providing a consolidated approach to reducing the attack surface. Its solution is well-suited for organizations looking to secure privileges across a diverse IT landscape.
3. Delinea (formerly ThycoticCentrify) Secret Server
Resulting from the merger of Thycotic and Centrify, Delinea's Secret Server is a capable PIM solution known for its ease of deployment and scalability. It provides secure vaulting for secrets and credentials, session monitoring, and automated password rotation. Some users mention the platform is costly compared to its competitors and lacks flexibility in large enterprises.
4. IBM Security Verify Privilege Vault
IBM’s solution focuses on discovering, managing, and monitoring privileged accounts across an enterprise. It provides a centralized vault for storing and rotating credentials, along with detailed session auditing and recording. Verify Privilege Vault integrates with the broader IBM Security portfolio, making it a strong option for organizations already invested in that ecosystem.
5. BlackBerry UEM
BlackBerry® UEM extends privileged access control with a sovereign-grade security posture ideal for government and critical infrastructure. Leveraging its deep heritage in endpoint management and certified secure communications, BlackBerry UEM enables context-aware identity and access controls. The solution facilitates policy-based elevation that incorporates mobile and endpoint device context, ensuring access decisions are informed by device health and compliance. With full auditability and the ability to use secure notifications for approval workflows, it provides a trusted, end-to-end framework for managing privileged access in high-stakes environments.