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BlackBerry Reports Record Software and Services Revenue in Fourth Quarter and Fiscal Year 2018

March 28, 2018
  • Total software and services billings grew double-digits in fiscal year 2018
  • Record total company gross margin of 79 percent (non-GAAP) and 76 percent (GAAP)

WATERLOO, Ontario, March 28, 2018 -- BlackBerry Limited (NYSE:BB) (TSX:BB), an enterprise software and services company focused on securing and managing IoT endpoints, today reported financial results for the three months and twelve months ended February 28, 2018 (all figures in U.S. dollars and U.S. GAAP, except where otherwise indicated).

Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2018 Results

  • Total company non-GAAP revenue for the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018 was $239 million with GAAP revenue of $233 million.  Total software and services revenue of $218 million (non-GAAP) and $212 million (GAAP) broke the record set last quarter.  Approximately 70% of fourth quarter software and services revenue (excluding IP licensing and professional services) was recurring.  BlackBerry had approximately 3,500 enterprise customer orders in the quarter.
     
  • Non-GAAP operating income was $19 million, and non-GAAP earnings per share was $0.05 (basic and diluted). GAAP operating loss was $17 million. GAAP net loss for the quarter was $0.02 per basic share and $0.06 per diluted share. GAAP net income includes $28 million in restructuring charges, $22 million in acquired intangibles amortization expense, a benefit of $34 million related to the fair value adjustment on the debentures, and other amounts as summarized in a table below. 
     
  • Total cash, cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments were approximately $2.4 billion as of February 28, 2018.  Free cash flow was $31 million, before considering the costs related to restructuring and transition from the hardware business as well as the net impact of arbitration awards and damages.  Cash generated from operations was $35 million and capital expenditures were $4 million.  Excluding $605 million in the face value of the company’s debt, the net cash balance at the end of the quarter was approximately $1.7 billion.

“I am very pleased with our execution.  We achieved another record quarter in software and services revenue as we grew across all three of our software businesses.  We also generated positive non-GAAP EPS and cash flow from operations for the fiscal year,” said John Chen, Executive Chairman and CEO, BlackBerry.  “Customers and partners recognize our technology innovation and market leadership.  BlackBerry’s market opportunities in unified endpoint management and embedded software are significant and synergistic, and our innovation and execution give us confidence to be a leader in the Enterprise of Things.” 

Fourth Quarter Fiscal 2018 Business and Financial Highlights

  • Software and services revenue of $218 million (non-GAAP) and $212 million (GAAP), breaking the record set last quarter 
  • Gross margin of 79% (non-GAAP) and 76% (GAAP), breaking the record set last quarter
  • Operating income of $19 million (non-GAAP) and operating loss of $17 million (GAAP); positive non-GAAP operating income for the eighth consecutive quarter
  • Secured several notable new BlackBerry QNX design wins and partnerships, including with Baidu and NVIDIA
  • Launched BlackBerry Jarvis, a binary static analysis Software-as-a-Service (SaaS) tool that can help automakers secure the software supply chain
  • Expanded BlackBerry Radar partnership with Fleet Complete to their BigRoad Freight program, which supports over 500,000 drivers
  • Announced a new partnership with Pana-Pacific to make BlackBerry Radar available to more than 2,800 commercial vehicle dealers in North America
  • After the quarter closed, announced BlackBerry Enterprise BRIDGE, which provides customers a highly secure way to seamlessly use native Microsoft mobile apps from within BlackBerry Dynamics
  • After the quarter closed, entered into a multi-year agreement with Jaguar Land Rover to develop and license BlackBerry QNX and Certicom technology for their next-generation vehicles

Fiscal 2018 Financial Highlights

  • Total non-GAAP software and services revenue of $782 million, an increase of 14% year-over-year
  • Total GAAP software and services revenue of $747 million, an increase of 20% year-over-year
  • Non-GAAP EPS of $0.14 (per basic and diluted share), an increase from $0.06 in fiscal 2017
  • GAAP EPS of $0.76 per basic share and $0.74 per diluted share
  • Free cash flow of $47 million, before considering the costs related to restructuring and transition from the hardware business as well as the net impact of arbitration awards and damages

Fiscal 2019 Outlook

  • BlackBerry’s outlook for fiscal 2019 is as follows:
  • Total company software and services billings growth is expected to be double-digits
  • Non-GAAP EPS is expected to be positive
  • Free cash flow is expected to be positive for the full year, before considering the impact of restructuring and legal proceedings

Reconciliation of GAAP revenue, gross margin, gross margin percentage, income before income taxes, net income and basic earnings per share to Non-GAAP revenue, gross margin, gross margin percentage, income before income taxes, net income and basic earnings per share for the three months ended February 28, 2018:

Q4 Fiscal 2018 Non-GAAP Adjustments For the Three Months Ended February 28, 2018
(in millions)
 Income statement
location
 Revenue Gross margin
(before taxes)
 Gross margin
% (before
taxes)
 Income (loss)
before
income taxes
 Net income Basic
earnings per
share
As reported  $233  $177  76.0% $(14) $(10) $(0.02)
Debentures fair value adjustment (2)Debentures fair value adjustment     % (34) (34)  
Selective patent abandonment (3)Loss on sale, disposal and abandonment     % 2  2   
RAP charges (4)Cost of sales   3  1.3% 3  3   
RAP charges (4)Selling, marketing and administration     % 23  23   
Software deferred revenue acquired (5)Revenue 6  6  0.5% 6  6   
Stock compensation expense (6)Cost of sales   1  0.4% 1  1   
Stock compensation expense (6)Research and development     % 3  3   
Stock compensation expense (6)Selling, marketing and administration     % 9  9   
Acquired intangibles amortization (7)Amortization     % 22  22   
Arbitration awards, net (8)Investment income (loss), net     % (1) (1)  
Legacy royalty adjustments (9)Cost of sales   1  0.5% 1  1   
   $239  $188  78.7% $21  $25  $0.05 

Note: Non-GAAP revenue, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP gross margin percentage, non-GAAP income before income taxes, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP income per share do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and thus are not comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other issuers. The Company believes that the presentation of these non-GAAP measures enables the Company and its shareholders to better assess the Company’s operating results relative to its operating results in prior periods and improves the comparability of the information presented. Investors should consider these non-GAAP measures in the context of the Company’s GAAP results.

  1. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company reported GAAP gross margin of $177 million or 76.0% of revenue. Excluding the impact of the resource alignment program (“RAP”) charges, stock compensation expense, and legacy royalty adjustments included in cost of sales and software deferred revenue acquired included in revenue, the non-GAAP gross margin was $188 million, or 78.7% of revenue.
  2. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded the Q4 Fiscal 2018 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment of $34 million. This adjustment was presented on a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
  3. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company incurred charges related to selective patent abandonments of $2 million, which was included in loss on sale, disposal and abandonment of long-lived assets.
  4. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company incurred charges related to the RAP of approximately $26 million, of which $3 million was included in cost of sales and $23 million was included in selling, marketing and administration expense.
  5. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded software deferred revenue acquired but not recognized due to business combination accounting rules of $6 million, which was included in enterprise software and services revenue.
  6. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded stock compensation expense of $13 million, of which $1 million was included in cost of sales, $3 million was included in research and development, and $9 million was included in selling, marketing and administration expenses.
  7. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations of $22 million, which was included in amortization expense.
  8. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded an interest true-up gain relating to the interest paid under the Nokia arbitration of $1 million was included in investment income (loss).
  9. During the fourth quarter of fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a true-up relating to legacy royalty arrangements under the handheld devices business of $1 million, which was included in cost of sales.

Supplementary Geographic Revenue Breakdown

BlackBerry Limited
(United States dollars, in millions)
Revenue by Region

  For the Quarters Ended
  February 28, 2018 November 30, 2017 August 31, 2017 May 31, 2017 February 28, 2017
North America $147  63.1% $133  58.9% $133  55.9% $127  54.0% $166  58.0%
Europe, Middle East and Africa 63  27.0% 69  30.5% 76  31.9% 70  29.8% 83  29.0%
Latin America 4  1.7% 3  1.3% 4  1.7% 4  1.7% 5  1.8%
Asia Pacific 19  8.2% 21  9.3% 25  10.5% 34  14.5% 32  11.2%
Total $233  100.0% $226  100.0% $238  100.0% $235  100.0% $286  100.0%

Supplementary Revenue by Product and Service Type Breakdown

BlackBerry Limited
(United States dollars, in millions)
Revenue by Product and Service Type

 US GAAP Adjustments Non-GAAP
 For the Three Months Ended For the Three Months Ended For the Three Months Ended
 February 28, 2018 February 28, 2017 February 28, 2018 February 28, 2017 February 28, 2018 February 28, 2017
Enterprise software and services$108  $91  $6  $11  $114  $102 
BlackBerry Technology Solutions46  35      46  35 
Licensing, IP and other58  56      58  56 
Handheld devices2  55      2  55 
SAF19  49      19  49 
Total$233  $286  $6  $11  $239  $297 

Reconciliation of GAAP revenue, gross margin, gross margin percentage, income before income taxes, net income and basic earnings per share to Non-GAAP revenue, gross margin, gross margin percentage, income before income taxes, net income and basic earnings per share for the year ended February 28, 2018:

Fiscal 2018 Non-GAAP Adjustments For the Year Ended February 28, 2018
(in millions)
 Income statement
location
 Revenue Gross margin
(before taxes)
 Gross margin
% (before
taxes)
 Net income
before
income taxes
 Net income Basic
earnings per
share
As reported  $932  $670  71.9% $406  $405  $0.76 
LLA Impairment Charge (2)Impairment of long-lived assets     % 11  11   
Debentures fair value adjustment (3)Debentures fair value adjustment     % 191  191   
Selective patent abandonment (4)Loss on sale, disposal and abandonment     % 4  4   
RAP charges (5)Cost of sales   11  1.2% 11  11   
RAP charges (5)Research and development     % 5  5   
RAP charges (5)Selling, marketing and administration     % 62  62   
Software deferred revenue acquired (6)Revenue 35  35  0.9% 35  35   
Stock compensation expense (7)Cost of sales   4  0.5% 4  4   
Stock compensation expense (7)Research and development     % 12  12   
Stock compensation expense (7)Selling, marketing and administration     % 33  33   
Acquired intangibles amortization (8)Amortization     % 95  95   
Business acquisition and integration costs (9)Selling, marketing and administration     % 14  14   
Arbitration awards, net (10)Arbitration awards, net     % (683) (683)  
Arbitration awards, net (10)Investment income (loss), net     % (123) (123)  
Legacy royalty adjustments (11)Cost of sales   1  0.1% 1  1   
Adjusted  $967  $721  74.6% $78  $77  $0.14 

Note: Non-GAAP revenue, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP gross margin percentage, non-GAAP income before income taxes, non-GAAP net income and non-GAAP income per share do not have a standardized meaning prescribed by GAAP and thus are not comparable to similarly titled measures presented by other issuers. The Company believes that the presentation of these non-GAAP measures enables the Company and its shareholders to better assess the Company’s operating results relative to its operating results in prior periods and improves the comparability of the information presented. Investors should consider these non-GAAP measures in the context of the Company’s GAAP results.

  1. During fiscal 2018, the Company reported GAAP gross margin of $670 million or 71.9% of revenue. Excluding the impact of the RAP charges, stock compensation expense, and legacy royalty adjustments included in cost of sales and software deferred revenue acquired included in revenue, the non-GAAP gross margin was $721 million, or 74.6% of revenue.
  2. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a long-lived asset (“LLA”) impairment charge of $11 million, which was presented on a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
  3. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded the Fiscal 2018 Debentures Fair Value Adjustment of $191 million, which was presented on a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.
  4. During fiscal 2018, the Company incurred charges related to selective patent abandonments of $4 million, which was included in loss on sale, disposal and abandonment of long-lived assets.
  5. During fiscal 2018, the Company incurred charges related to the RAP of approximately $78 million, of which $11 million was included in cost of sales, $5 million was included in research and development, and $62 million was included in selling, marketing and administration expense.
  6. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded software deferred revenue acquired but not recognized due to business combination accounting rules of $35 million, which was included in enterprise software and services revenue.
  7. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded stock compensation expense of $49 million, of which $4 million was included in cost of sales, $12 million was included in research and development, and $33 million was included in selling, marketing and administration expenses.
  8. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded amortization of intangible assets acquired through business combinations of $95 million, which was included in amortization expense.
  9. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded business acquisition and integration costs incurred through business combinations of $14 million, which was including in selling, marketing and administration expenses.
  10. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded net arbitration awards in connection with the Qualcomm and Nokia arbitrations of $806 million, of which $683 million was presented on a separate line in the Consolidated Statements of Operations, and $123 million was included in investment income (loss), net.
  11. During fiscal 2018, the Company recorded a true-up relating to legacy royalty arrangements under the handheld devices business of $1 million, which was included in cost of sales.

Supplementary Revenue by Product and Service Type Breakdown

BlackBerry Limited
(United States dollars, in millions)
Revenue by Product and Service Type

 US GAAP Adjustments Non-GAAP
 For the Years Ended For the Years Ended For the Years Ended
 February 28,
2018
 February 28,
2017
 February 28,
2018
 February 28,
2017
 February 28,
2018
 February 28,
2017
Enterprise software and services$388  $345  $35  $65  $423  $410 
BlackBerry Technology Solutions163  151      163  151 
Licensing, IP and other196  126      196  126 
Handheld devices64  374      64  374 
SAF121  313      121  313 
Total$932  $1,309  $35  $65  $967  $1,374 

Conference Call and Webcast
A conference call and live webcast will be held today beginning at 8 a.m. ET, which can be accessed by dialing 1-888-394-8218 or by logging on at http://ca.blackberry.com/company/investors/events.html. A replay of the conference call will also be available at approximately 11 a.m. ET by dialing 1-888-203-1112 and entering Conference ID #5199837 and at the link above.

About BlackBerry
BlackBerry is an enterprise software and services company focused on securing and managing IoT endpoints. The company does this with BlackBerry Secure, an end-to-end Enterprise of Things platform, comprised of its enterprise communication and collaboration software and safety-certified embedded solutions. Based in Waterloo, Ontario, the company was founded in 1984 and operates in North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, Middle East, Latin America and Africa. The Company trades under the ticker symbol "BB" on the Toronto Stock Exchange and the New York Stock Exchange. For more information, visit www.BlackBerry.com.

Investor Contact:
BlackBerry Investor Relations
+1-519-888-7465
investor_relations@blackberry.com

Media Contact:
BlackBerry Media Relations
(519) 597-7273
mediarelations@blackberry.com

This news release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of certain securities laws, including under the U.S. Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995 and applicable Canadian securities laws, including statements regarding: the Company’s plans, strategies and objectives, including the anticipated benefits of its strategic initiatives and its intentions to grow revenue and increase and enhance its product and service offerings; and the Company’s expectations regarding its free cash flow, non-GAAP earnings per share and total software and services billings growth for fiscal 2019.

The words “expect”, “anticipate”, “estimate”, “may”, “will”, “should”, “could”, “intend”, “believe”, “target”, “plan” and similar expressions are intended to identify these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements are based on estimates and assumptions made by BlackBerry in light of its experience and its perception of historical trends, current conditions and expected future developments, as well as other factors that BlackBerry believes are appropriate in the circumstances, including but not limited to, the Company’s expectations regarding its business, strategy, opportunities and prospects, the launch of new products and services, general economic conditions, competition, and the Company’s expectations regarding its financial performance. Many factors could cause BlackBerry’s actual results, performance or achievements to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements, including the following risks: BlackBerry’s ability to enhance, develop, introduce or monetize products and services for the enterprise market in a timely manner with competitive pricing, features and performance; BlackBerry’s ability to maintain or expand its customer base for its software and services offerings to grow revenue or achieve sustained profitability; the intense competition faced by BlackBerry; the occurrence or perception of a breach of BlackBerry’s network or product security measures or an inappropriate disclosure of confidential or personal information; risks related to BlackBerry’s continuing ability to attract new personnel, retain existing key personnel and manage its staffing effectively; BlackBerry’s dependence on its relationships with resellers and distributors; the risk that network disruptions or other business interruptions could have a material adverse effect on BlackBerry’s business and harm its reputation; risks related to acquisitions, divestitures, investments and other business initiatives, which may negatively affect BlackBerry’s results of operations; risks related to BlackBerry’s products and services being dependent upon interoperability with rapidly changing systems provided by third parties; BlackBerry’s ability to generate revenue and profitability through the licensing of security software and services or the BlackBerry brand to device manufacturers; the risk that failure to protect BlackBerry’s intellectual property could harm its ability to compete effectively and BlackBerry may not earn the revenues it expects from intellectual property rights; the risk that BlackBerry could be found to have infringed on the intellectual property rights of others; the risk that litigation against BlackBerry may result in adverse outcomes; risks related to the use and management of user data and personal information, which could give rise to liabilities as a result of legal, customer and other third-party requirements; BlackBerry’s ability to obtain rights to use third-party software; the substantial asset risk faced by BlackBerry, including the potential for charges related to its long-lived assets and goodwill; risks related to BlackBerry’s indebtedness, which could adversely affect its operating flexibility and financial condition; risks related to government regulations applicable to BlackBerry’s products and services, including products containing encryption capabilities, which could negatively impact BlackBerry’s business; risks related to foreign operations, including fluctuations in foreign currencies; risks associated with any errors in BlackBerry’s products and services, which can be difficult to remedy and could have a material adverse effect on BlackBerry’s business; risks related to the failure of BlackBerry’s suppliers, subcontractors, third-party distributors and representatives to use acceptable ethical business practices or comply with applicable laws; BlackBerry’s reliance on third parties to manufacture and repair its hardware products; risks related to fostering an ecosystem of third-party application developers; risks related to regulations regarding health and safety, hazardous materials usage and conflict minerals, and to product certification risks; risks related to tax provision changes, the adoption of new tax legislation, or exposure to additional tax liabilities; risks related to the fluctuation of BlackBerry’s quarterly revenue and operating results; the volatility of the market price of BlackBerry’s common shares; and risks related to adverse economic and geopolitical conditions.

These risk factors and others relating to BlackBerry are discussed in greater detail in BlackBerry’s Annual Information Form, which is included in its Annual Report on Form 40-F and the “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” section of BlackBerry’s MD&A (copies of which filings may be obtained at www.sedar.com or www.sec.gov). All of these factors should be considered carefully, and readers should not place undue reliance on BlackBerry’s forward-looking statements. Any statements that are forward-looking statements are intended to enable BlackBerry’s shareholders to view the anticipated performance and prospects of BlackBerry from management’s perspective at the time such statements are made, and they are subject to the risks that are inherent in all forward-looking statements, as described above, as well as difficulties in forecasting BlackBerry’s financial results and performance for future periods, particularly over longer periods, given the ongoing transition in BlackBerry’s business strategy and the rapid technological changes, evolving industry standards, intense competition and short product life cycles that characterize the industries in which BlackBerry operates. BlackBerry has no intention and undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as required by applicable law.

©2018 BlackBerry Limited. Trademarks, including but not limited to BLACKBERRY, BBM, BES, EMBLEM Design, ATHOC and SECUSMART are the trademarks or registered trademarks of BlackBerry Limited, its subsidiaries and/or affiliates, used under license, and the exclusive rights to such trademarks are expressly reserved. All other trademarks are the property of their respective owners.

 
BlackBerry Limited
Incorporated under the Laws of Ontario
(United States dollars, in millions except share and per share amounts) (unaudited)
 
Consolidated Statements of Operations
 
  For the Three Months Ended For the Years Ended
  February 28,
2018
 November 30,
2017
 February 28,
2017
 February 28,
2018
 February 28,
2017
Revenue $233  $226  $286  $932  $1,309 
Cost of sales 56  58  114  262  692 
Gross margin 177  168  172  670  617 
Gross margin % 76.0% 74.3% 60.1% 71.9% 47.1%
Operating expenses          
Research and development 58  60  57  239  306 
Selling, marketing and administration 131  118  144  467  553 
Amortization 37  37  45  153  186 
Impairment of goodwill         57 
Impairment of long-lived assets       11  501 
Loss (gain) on sale, disposal and abandonment of long-lived assets
 2  2  (1) 9  171 
Debentures fair value adjustment (34) 77  (16) 191  24 
Arbitration charges (awards)   132    (683)  
  194  426  229  387  1,798 
Operating income (loss) (17) (258) (57) 283  (1,181)
Investment income (loss), net 3  (17) 8  123  (27)
Income (loss) before income taxes (14) (275) (49) 406  (1,208)
Provision for (recovery of) income taxes (4)   (2) 1  (2)
Net income (loss) $(10) $(275) $(47) $405  $(1,206)
Earnings (loss) per share          
Basic $(0.02) $(0.52) $(0.09) $0.76  $(2.30)
Diluted $(0.06) $(0.52) $(0.10) $0.74  $(2.30)
           
Weighted-average number of common shares outstanding (000’s)          
Basic 536,594  532,496  530,352  532,888  525,265 
Diluted 597,094  532,496  590,852  545,886  525,265 
Total common shares outstanding (000’s) 536,734  536,307  530,497  536,734  530,497 
                


 
BlackBerry Limited
Incorporated under the Laws of Ontario
(United States dollars, in millions) (unaudited)
 
Consolidated Balance Sheets
 
  As at
  February 28, 2018 February 28, 2017
Assets    
Current    
Cash and cash equivalents $816  $734 
Short-term investments 1,443  644 
Accounts receivable, net 151  200 
Other receivables 71  27 
Inventories 3  26 
Income taxes receivable 26  31 
Other current assets 38  55 
  2,548  1,717 
Long-term receivables 25  7 
Long-term investments 55  269 
Deferred income tax assets 3   
Restricted cash and cash equivalents 39  51 
Property, plant and equipment, net 64  91 
Goodwill 569  559 
Intangible assets, net 477  602 
  $3,780  $3,296 
Liabilities    
Current    
Accounts payable $46  $128 
Accrued liabilities 205  240 
Income taxes payable 18  14 
Deferred revenue 195  239 
  464  621 
Other long-term liabilities 23  18 
Long-term debt 782  591 
Deferred income tax liabilities 6  9 
  1,275  1,239 
Shareholders’ equity    
Capital stock and additional paid-in capital 2,560  2,512 
Deficit (45) (438)
Accumulated other comprehensive loss (10) (17)
  2,505  2,057 
  $3,780  $3,296 
         


 
BlackBerry Limited
Incorporated under the Laws of Ontario
(United States dollars, in millions except per share data) (unaudited)
 
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows
 
 For the Years Ended
 February 28, 2018 February 28, 2017
Cash flows from operating activities   
Net income (loss)405  (1,206)
Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash provided by (used in) operating activities:   
Amortization177  239 
Deferred income taxes(7) 33 
Stock-based compensation49  60 
Impairment of goodwill  57 
Impairment of long-lived assets11  501 
Loss on sale, disposal and abandonment of long-lived assets9  171 
Debentures fair value adjustment191  24 
Long-term receivables(18)  
Other long-term liabilities5  (5)
Other(6)  
Net changes in working capital items   
Accounts receivable, net49  166 
Other receivables(44) 17 
Inventories23  117 
Income tax receivable2  2 
Other current assets16  45 
Accounts payable(82) (179)
Accrued liabilities(36) (94)
Income taxes payable4  (28)
Deferred revenue(44) (144)
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities704  (224)
Cash flows from investing activities   
Acquisition of long-term investments(27) (430)
Proceeds on sale or maturity of long-term investments77  228 
Acquisition of property, plant and equipment(15) (17)
Proceeds on sale of property, plant and equipment3  95 
Acquisition of intangible assets(30) (52)
Business acquisitions, net of cash acquired  (5)
Acquisition of short-term investments(3,499) (1,366)
Proceeds on sale or maturity of short-term investments2,861  2,271 
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities(630) 724 
Cash flows from financing activities   
Issuance of common shares8  5 
Payment of contingent consideration from business acquisitions  (15)
Excess deficiency related to stock-based compensation  (1)
Common shares repurchased(18)  
Effect of foreign exchange gains on restricted cash and cash equivalents  (3)
Repurchase of 6% Debentures  (1,315)
Issuance of 3.75% Debentures  605 
Transfer from restricted cash and cash equivalents12  2 
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities2  (722)
Effect of foreign exchange loss on cash and cash equivalents6  (1)
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents during the year82  (223)
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of year734  957 
Cash and cash equivalents, end of year$816  $734 
    
As atFebruary 28, 2018 February 28, 2017
Cash and cash equivalents$816  $734 
Short-term investments$1,443  $644 
Long-term investments$55  $269 
Restricted cash$39  $51